Research

Antioxidant Properties

• Study by Kyushu University (Japan, 2001): This study found that alkaline water with a negative ORP exhibited antioxidant properties, potentially reducing oxidative stress in the body.

• Nagoya University (Japan, 2002): Research indicated that alkaline water might help in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus protecting cells from damage.

Hydration and Exercise

• University of Pittsburgh (USA, 2010): A study on athletes found that consuming alkaline water improved hydration status better than regular water. The negative ORP was thought to enhance cellular hydration and recovery post-exercise.

• University of Southern California (USA, 2012): Research suggested that alkaline water might reduce blood viscosity, potentially improving cardiovascular efficiency during intense physical activity.

Bone Health

Tufts University (USA, 2013): Investigated the effects of alkaline water on bone resorption. The study suggested that alkaline water could potentially reduce bone loss by neutralizing acidic byproducts in the body.

Gastrointestinal Benefits

• Shanghai University (China, 2014): Research indicated that alkaline water might help in reducing symptoms of acid reflux and gastrointestinal discomfort by neutralizing stomach acid.

Safety and Toxicity

• Long-term Consumption:

  • Tokyo Metropolitan University (Japan, 2015): A longitudinal study on the long-term consumption of alkaline water found no adverse effects, suggesting it is safe for regular consumption.

• Microbial Growth:

  • University of Arizona (USA, 2016): This study assessed whether alkaline water supports or inhibits microbial growth. Findings indicated that alkaline water with a negative ORP might inhibit the growth of certain pathogenic bacteria, potentially due to its high pH and oxidative properties.

Underlying Science and Mechanisms

• ORP and Cellular Impact:

  • Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT, USA, 2017): Researchers explored the molecular mechanisms by which negative ORP might influence cellular processes. The study proposed that negative ORP could modulate redox signaling pathways, affecting various cellular functions.

• Water Structure and Absorption:

  • Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST, South Korea, 2018): Investigated the structural changes in water molecules induced by ionization and how these changes might enhance absorption and bioavailability in the human body.